Ndinoziva kuti kune bhatiri rine alkaline, CE marking ndiyo chitupa chakakosha muEU. Kune US, ndinotarisa pakutevedzera mitemo yehurumende kubva kuCPSC neDOT. Izvi zvakakosha, kunyanya sezvo musika weUS wega uchironga kusvika USD 4.49 bhiriyoni panosvika 2032, zvichisimbisa kukosha kukuru kwezviyero izvi.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Mabhatiri eAlkalinevanoda mitemo yakasiyana muEU nemuUS EU inoshandisa mutemo mumwe chete unonzi CE marking. US ine mitemo yakawanda kubva kumapoka akasiyana.
• Kutevedzera mitemo iyi kunobatsira kuchengetedza vanhu. Zvinodzivirirawo nharaunda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mabhatiri haana makemikari akaipa uye anoraswa zvakanaka.
• Kuzadzisa mitemo iyi kunobatsira makambani kutengesa zvinhu zvavo. Zvinovakawo kuvimba nevatengi. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kambani ine hanya nekuchengetedzeka uye mhando.

Zvitupa Zvinosungirwa zveMabhatiri eAlkaline muEuropean Union (EU)

Kucherechedza kweCE: Kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana kwemabhatiri eAlkaline

NdinonzwisisaKumaka kweCEchinhu chakakosha pakuisa zvigadzirwa, kusanganisira mabhatiri ealkaline, pamusika weEuropean Union. Chiratidzo ichi chinoratidza kutevedzera kwezvigadzirwa nemutemo wehutano, kuchengetedzeka, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza weEU. Hachisi chiratidzo chemhando yepamusoro, asi chiziviso chemugadziri chekuti chigadzirwa ichi chinosangana nemirairo nemitemo yese yeEU inoshanda.

Pandinofunga nezvemitemo chaiyo yehunyanzvi uye mirairo yekumaka CE yemabhatiri ealkaline, ndinoona ichinongedzera kune magwaro akakosha akati wandei:

• Mutemo weBhatiri
• RoHS Direction
• prEN IEC 60086-1: Mabhatiri ekutanga - Chikamu 1: Zvakajairika
• prEN IEC 60086-2-1: Mabhatiri ekutanga - Chikamu 2-1: Magadzirirwo emagetsi neemuviri emabhatiri ane electrolyte yemvura

Ndinoziva kuti kusatevedzera zvinodiwa pakumaka CE kune migumisiro mikuru.

Zvinoenderana neChinyorwa 20(5) cheEU Regulation 2023/1542 pamusoro peMabhatiri neMarara: "Nyika dziri Nhengo dzinofanira kuvaka pamusoro penzira dziripo dzekuona kuti mutemo unodzora CE unoshandiswa nemazvo uye dzinofanira kutora matanho akakodzera kana chiratidzo ichocho chikashandiswa zvisizvo."

Muzviitiko apo chigadzirwa, chiri pasi pemutemo wekumaka CE, chikawanikwa chisina chiratidzo ichocho kana kuti chisina kutenderwa, hurumende yenyika iri nhengo ine simba rekuisa matanho ekutonga. Mabasa aya anogona kusanganisira kubviswa kwemusika uye kuiswa kwezvirango. Kuzvidavirira kuri kwevagadziri, vanopinza, uye/kana vamiririri vane mvumo munyaya dzekumaka CE zvisiri pamutemo kana kusatevedzera mitemo yakabatana yeEU.

Kusatevedzera zvinodiwa zvekumaka CE pamabhatiri muEU kunogona kukonzera:

• Kutorwa nekuparadzwa kwezvinhu nevakuru vezvemitero.
• Kutorwa kwemari inowanikwa.
• Kumiswa pakarepo kwezvinyorwa zvinokanganiswa zvevatengesi veAmazon.

EU Battery Directive: Zvinodiwa Zvakanyanya zveMabhatiri eAlkaline

Ndinoziva kuti EU Battery Directive ine basa guru mukutonga mabhatiri mumusika weEurope. Murairo uyu une chinangwa chekuderedza kukanganisa kwakashata kwemabhatiri panharaunda nehutano hwevanhu. Unoisa zvinodiwa pakugadzira, kugadzira, uye kurasa mabhatiri, kusanganisira mabhatiri ane alkaline.

Mitemo mitsva yeEurope, inotanga kushanda muna Chivabvu 2021, inorayira zvinodiwa zvakananga kumabhatiri ealkaline. Izvi zvinosanganisira muganho wehuwandu hwemercury huri pasi pe0.002% nehuremu (zvichida husina mercury) uye kuiswa kwemazita esimba. Aya mazita anofanira kuratidza kugona kwesimba mumaawa ewatt ehukuru hweAA, AAA, C, uye D. Pamusoro pezvo, mabhatiri ealkaline anofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza eco-efficiency kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedza simba zvakanaka muhupenyu hwavo hwese. Murayiro uyu unodawo kuti mabhatiri ese ave nechiratidzo chinoratidza kugona kwawo. Kunyange hazvo murayiro usingatsanangure chiyero chemetric, kugona kunogona kuratidzwa uchishandisa mayuniti akadai seV, mAh, kana Ah. Uyezve, chero bhatiri rine lead inopfuura 0.004% rinofanira kuratidza chiratidzo 'Pb' pakunyorwa kwaro, kunyangwe huwandu hwelead pachahwo husina kuganhurirwa.

WEEE Directive: Kutarisirwa Kwemagumo Ehupenyu hweMabhatiri eAlkaline

Ndinonzwisisa kuti Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive inonyanya kutaura nezvekutarisirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kusvika pakuguma kwehupenyu. Kunyange zvazvo WEEE Directive ichisanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi, EU ine murairo chaiwo wemabhatiri nema accumulators, zvakasiyana neWEEE Directive. Murayiro uyu wakazvipira une chinangwa chekuderedza zvinhu zvine njodzi uye kutanga kurapwa kusina njodzi kumabhatiri emarara.

Vagadziri vemabhatiri nema accumulators vanofanirwa kunyoresa munyika imwe neimwe kwavanotengesa, kuzivisa huwandu hwavo, uye kubhadhara mari yekubata mabhatiri ekupedzisira. Hurongwa hwenyika hwe Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) hunotarisa makemikari ese emabhatiri, kusanganisira alkaline, pamwe chete nemabhatiri madiki (anoshandiswa kamwe chete uye anogona kuchajwazve) uye epakati. Mabasa ari pasi pemirairo yemabhatiri akafanana neari pasi peWEEE Directive maererano nezvinodiwa zvekutonga nemari, asi akasiyana.

Mabasa emugadziri ekutarisira mabhatiri pakupera kwehupenyu anosanganisira:

• Tora nhamba yekunyoresa (nhamba yekuzivikanwa yakasiyana yeUIN).
• Chibvumirano nesangano rinoona nezvemugadziri.
• Taura huwandu nehuremu hwemabhatiri ari pamusika.

Mutemo weREACH: Kuchengetedzwa kweMakemikari eMabhatiri eAlkaline

Ndinoziva kuti Mutemo weREACH (Kunyoresa, Kuongorora, Kubvumidza, uye Kudzora Makemikoro) chimwe chikamu chakakosha chemutemo weEU. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwehutano hwevanhu nenharaunda kubva panjodzi dzinogona kukonzerwa nemakemikari. REACH inoshanda kune zvinhu zvinogadzirwa kana kupinzwa muEU, kusanganisira izvo zvinowanikwa mumabhatiri ealkaline. Inoda makambani kuti aone uye agadzirise njodzi dzine chekuita nezvinhu zvavanogadzira uye zvavanotengesa muEU.

RoHS Directive: Kudzora Zvinhu Zvine Ngozi Mumabhatiri eAlkaline

Ndinoziva kuti RoHS Directive (Kudziviswa kwezvinhu zvine njodzi) inokanganisa zvakananga kuumbwa kwemabhatiri ealkaline. Murairo uyu unorambidza kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvine njodzi zvinowanikwa muzvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nezvemagetsi. Chinangwa chayo ndechekudzivirira zvinhu izvi kuti zvisakuvadze hutano hwevanhu nenharaunda.

RoHS Directive inoisa huwandu hwakanyanya hunotenderwa hwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine njodzi. Ndakatsanangura miganhu iyi mutafura iri pazasi:

Iniwo ndinoona chati iyi ichibatsira pakuona zvirambidzo izvi:

Mitemo iyi inoita kuti zvigadzirwa, kusanganisira mabhatiri ealkaline, zvinotengeswa muEU zvisvike padanho rakasimba rekuchengetedza uye rezvakatipoteredza.

Mitemo Yakakosha uye Maitiro Ekushandisa Mabhatiri eAlkaline muUnited States (US)

Mitemo yeCPSC: Kuchengetedzwa kweVatengi paMabhatiri eAlkaline

MuUnited States, ndinotarisira kuConsumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti vatengi vakachengeteka. CPSC inodzivirira veruzhinji kubva panjodzi dzisina musoro dzekukuvara kana kufa dzine chekuita nezvigadzirwa zvevatengi. Kunyange hazvo CPSC isina mitemo chaiyo yemabhatiri ealkaline chete, mabhatiri aya anowira pasi pesimba ravo rekuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvakachengeteka. Ndinonzwisisa kuti vagadziri vanofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvemabhatiri ealkaline hazvipi njodzi huru. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzivirira matambudziko akadai sekubuda kwemvura, kupisa zvakanyanya, kana kuputika zvinogona kukuvadza vatengi. CPSC inogona kudzoserwa shure kana kuda matanho ekugadzirisa kana chigadzirwa, kusanganisira bhatiri realkaline, chikawanikwa chisina kuchengetedzeka. Ndinogara ndichiisa pamberi kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvinozadzisa izvi zvakakosha zvekuchengetedza.

Mitemo yeDOT: Kutakurwa Kwakachengeteka kweMabhatiri eAlkaline

Ndinofungawo nezvemitemo yeDhipatimendi reKutakura (DOT) yekutakura mabhatiri ealkaline zvakachengeteka. DOT inoisa mitemo yekurongedza, kunyora mazita, uye kubata zvinhu zvine njodzi panguva yekutumirwa nemhepo, gungwa, kana pasi. Kune mabhatiri ealkaline, ndinoona kuti anowanzo kurongwa seasina njodzi pakutakura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti haawanzo da mitemo yakaoma inoshandiswa kumabhatiri e lithium-ion, semuenzaniso. Zvisinei, ndichiri kuona kuti kurongedza kwakakodzera kudzivirira mashort circuits kana kukuvara panguva yekufambisa. Kambani yangu inotevedzera zvikamu zvakakosha zve49 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) Chikamu 173, icho chinotsanangura zvinodiwa zvekutumira nekurongedza. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvigadzirwa zvedu zvisvike kwazvinenge zvichienda zvakachengeteka uye zvinotevedzera mitemo.

Mitemo Yehurumende: California Proposition 65 uye Mabhatiri eAlkaline

Pandinofunga nezvekutengesa zvigadzirwa muUS yese, ndinonyatsoteerera mitemo yenyika, kunyanya California Proposition 65 (Prop 65). Mutemo uyu unoda kuti mabhizinesi ape yambiro kuvagari vemuCalifornia nezvekusangana nemakemikari anokonzera kenza, kuremara kwekuzvarwa, kana kumwe kukuvadza kubereka. Kana bhatiri realkaline riine chero makemikari ari pane rondedzero yeProp 65, kunyangwe ari mashoma, ndinofanira kupa yambiro yakajeka uye ine musoro. Mutemo uyu unokanganisa maitiro andinonyora zvinhu zvemusika weCalifornia, zvichiita kuti vatengi vagamuchire ruzivo rwakakosha nezve kusangana nemakemikari.

Mitemo yeIndasitiri yeKuzvidira: UL neANSI yeMabhatiri eAlkaline

Kupfuura mitemo inosungirwa, ndinoziva kukosha kwemitemo yekuzvipira muindasitiri muUS. Mitemo iyi inowanzo tsanangura maitiro akanakisa uye inowedzera chivimbo chevatengi. Underwriters Laboratories (UL) neAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI) masangano maviri akakosha. UL inogadzira mitemo yekuchengetedza uye inoita bvunzo dzechigadzirwa uye chitupa. Kunyorwa kweUL pachigadzirwa, nepo ichizvipira kune mabhatiri ealkaline, kunoratidza kutevedzera mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza. ANSI inotungamira kugadzirwa kwemitemo yekuzvipira. Kune mabhatiri anotakurika, ndinowanzo taura nezve ANSI C18 series yemitemo. Mitemo iyi inofukidza zviyero, mashandiro, uye kuchengetedzeka kwemabhatiri. Kutevedzera mitemo iyi yekuzvipira kunoratidza kuzvipira kwangu kune mhando uye kuchengetedzeka.

Chiratidzo cheFCC: Kukosha kweZvimwe Zvigadzirwa zveMabhatiri eAlkaline

Ndinonzwisisa kuti Federal Communications Commission (FCC) inotonga kutaurirana pakati penyika nenyika kuburikidza neredhiyo, terevhizheni, waya, setiraiti, uye tambo. Chiratidzo cheFCC chinowanzo dikanwa pamidziyo yemagetsi inoburitsa simba remafrequency eredhiyo (RF). Bhatiri realkaline rakazvimiririra hariburitse simba reRF, saka haridi chiratidzo cheFCC. Zvisinei, kana bhatiri realkaline riri chikamu chakakosha chemudziyo wemagetsi mukuru, izvoanoitainoburitsa simba reRF—senge remote control isina waya kana mudziyo wepamba wakangwara—zvinomudziyo pachawoanofanira kunyoreswa chitupa cheFCC. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, bhatiri chikamu chechigadzirwa chakanyoreswa, asi chitupa cheFCC chinoshanda kumudziyo wekupedzisira, kwete bhatiri chete.

Nei Zvitupa Izvi Zvichikosha paMabhatiri eAlkaline

Kuve nechokwadi chekuti panowanikwa mukana wemusika uye kuti mitemo itevedzwe

Ndinonzwisisa kuti zvitupa hazvisi zvipingamupinyi zvehurumende chete; inzira dzakakosha dzekuwana mukana wemusika. Kune ini, kuve nechokwadi chekutikutevedzera mutemozvinoreva kuti zvigadzirwa zvangu zvinogona kutengeswa pasina kukanganiswa mumisika mikuru yakaita seEU neUS. Semuenzaniso, EU Battery Regulation inoshanda kune vese vagadziri, vagadziri, vanopinza, uye vagovanisi vemhando dzese dzemabhatiri dziri mumusika weEU. Izvi zvinosanganisira makambani ekuUS anogadzira mabhatiri kana mabhatiri emagetsi ane mabhatiri kana akatumira kunze kuEU. Kusatevedzera mitemo kune njodzi huru dzemari. Ndinoziva kuti faindi dzekutonga dzakanyanya muEU dzinogona kusvika €10 miriyoni, kana kusvika 2% yehuwandu hwese hwegore negore hwepasi rose kubva mugore remari rapfuura, chero huwandu hwakakwira. Izvi zvinosimbisa kudiwa kukuru kwekutevedzera mitemo iyi.

Kudzivirira Vatengi Nezvakatipoteredza

Ndinotenda kuti zvitupa izvi zvine basa guru mukudzivirira vatengi nenharaunda. Nekutevedzera mitemo yakaita seRoHS neEU Battery Directive, ndinoita shuwa kuti zvigadzirwa zvangu hazvina zvinhu zvinokuvadza uye zvakagadzirirwa kutarisirwa zvakanaka kwehupenyu hwese. Kuzvipira uku kunochengetedza hutano hwevatengi nekudzivirira kusangana nemakemikari ane njodzi uye kunoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kuburikidza nekuraswa nemazvo uye nzira dzakakodzera dzekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinoratidza kuzvipira kwangu mukugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chinogara kwenguva refu uye chakachengeteka.

Kuvaka Kuvimba uye Mukurumbira weBrand

Kune ini, kuwana zvitupa izvi zvine chekuitakuvaka chivimbouye kusimudzira mukurumbira wechiratidzo changu. Kana zvigadzirwa zvangu zvikasangana nezvinodiwa pasi rose, zvinoratidza kunaka uye kuvimbika kune vatengi nevatinoshanda navo mubhizinesi. Kuzvipira uku kwekutevedzera mitemo kunoratidza kuvimbika kwekambani yangu uye mutoro wayo. Zvinosimudzira chivimbo muzvigadzirwa zvangu, izvo zvinokosha pakubudirira kwenguva refu uye hutungamiriri hwemusika.

Kuenzanisa Maitiro eEU neUS Certification eMabhatiri eAlkaline

Kuisa CE Marking inosungirwa vs. Yakapatsanurwa muUS Landscape

Ndinoona musiyano wakajeka mumaitiro ekupa zvitupa pakati peEU neUS. EU inoshandisa sisitimu yakabatana ine CE marking. Chiratidzo chimwe chete ichi chinoratidza kutevedzera kwebhatiri realkaline mirairo yese yeEU yakakodzera. Inoshanda sepasipoti yakazara yekupinda mumusika munyika dzese dziri nhengo. Maitiro aya akareruka anoita kuti vagadziri vakaita seni vatevedzere mitemo. Kusiyana neizvi, mamiriro eUS akakamurwa zvakanyanya. Ndinofamba nemasangano ehurumende akaita seCPSC neDOT, rimwe nerimwe riine mitemo chaiyo inodzora mativi akasiyana ekuchengetedza kwechigadzirwa nekufambisa. Pamusoro pezvo, mitemo chaiyo yenyika, yakaita seCalifornia Proposition 65, inoisa zvimwe zvinodiwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ndinotarisa masangano akawanda anotonga uye mitemo yakasiyana-siyana kuti ndive nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvangu zvinotevedzwa zvizere mumusika weUS. Maitiro aya ane mativi akawanda anoda kutarisisa zvakadzama kune zvese zviri munharaunda.

Zvinangwa Zvakafanana zveKuchengetedzeka neKudzivirirwa Kwezvakatipoteredza

Pasinei nehurongwa hwavo hwakasiyana hwemitemo, ndinoona kuti EU neUS dzine zvinangwa zvakakosha zvakafanana. Dzese dziri mbiri dzinoisa pamberi kuchengetedzeka kwevatengi kupfuura zvimwe zvese. Chinangwa chadzo ndechekudzivirira vashandisi kubva kunjodzi dzinogona kuitika dzezvigadzirwa, vachiona kuti zvinhu zvakachengeteka pakushandisa kwadzinoda. Kudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza kuriwo chinangwa chakakosha. Mitemo munzvimbo dzese mbiri inotsvaga kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvigadzirwa munharaunda muhupenyu hwavo hwese. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvirambidzo zvakasimba pazvinhu zvine njodzi, sezvinoonekwa muRoHS Directive yeEU nezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana muUS. Uyezve, nzvimbo dzese dziri mbiri dzinokurudzira manejimendi ane mutoro wekuguma kwehupenyu, kukurudzira kudzokorodza uye kuraswa kwakakodzera. Ndinoona kuti zvigadzirwa zvangu zvinosangana nezvinangwa izvi zvakafanana, zvisinei nenzira chaiyo yekupihwa chitupa. Kuzvipira kwangu kukuchengetedza nekuchengetedza kunoramba kuripo mumisika yese yandinoshanda.

Ndinosimbisa kuti CE marking ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakupinda mumusika weEU, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti mitemo yehutano nekuchengetedza inoenderana nemitemo. Kune US, ndinoshandisa mitemo yeCPSC, DOT, uye yeindasitiri yekuzvidira. Kutevedzera mitemo iyi kwakakosha. Inoita kuti zvigadzirwa zvangu zvisvike kune vatengi zvakachengeteka uye zviri pamutemo, zvichidzivirira vanhu pamwe nemukurumbira wechiratidzo changu mumisika iyi yakakosha.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndeupi musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pezvitupa zvemabhatiri zveEU neUS?

Ndinoona kuti EU inoshandisa chiratidzo cheCE chakabatana. US inovimba nemusanganiswa wemitemo yemasangano ehurumende nemitemo yenyika.

Chii chinoitika kana mabhatiri angu ealkaline asingasvike pazvitupa izvi?

Ndinoziva kuti kusatevedzera mitemo kunogona kukonzera kurambwa kwemusika, kubatwa kwezvigadzirwa, uye kurangwa kwakakosha kwemari. Zvinokanganisawo mukurumbira wekambani yangu.

Sei zvitupa izvi zvichikosha kumabhatiri e alkaline?

Ndinotenda kuti zvitupa izvi zvinovimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwevatengi uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvinovimbisawo kuti zvigadzirwa zvangu zvinowanikwa pamusika zviri pamutemo.