Mabhatiri ealkaline akaita shanduko huru pasimba rinotakurika paakabuda pakati pezana ramakore rechi20. Kugadzirwa kwavo, kunotendwa kuna Lewis Urry muma1950s, kwakaunza zinc-manganese dioxide kuumbwa kwakapa hupenyu hwakareba uye kuvimbika kukuru kupfuura mhando dzekutanga dzebhatiri. Pakazosvika ma1960, mabhatiri aya akave madhiri emumba, achisimbisa zvese kubva kumatochi kusvika kumaredhiyo. Nhasi, anopfuura mabhiriyoni gumi emayuniti anogadzirwa gore negore, achizadzisa kudiwa kuri kukura kwemhinduro dzakasimba dzesimba. Yepamberi yekugadzira hubs yepasirese inova nechokwadi chakaenderana mhando, iine zvinhu zvakaita se zinc uye manganese dioxide inoita basa rakakosha mukuita kwavo.

Key Takeaways

• Alkaline mabhatiri, akagadzirwa naLewis Urry mu1950s, akashandura simba rinotakurika nehupenyu hwavo hwakareba uye kuvimbika zvichienzaniswa nemhando dzebhatiri dzekare.
• Kugadzirwa kwepasi rose kwemabhatiri ealkaline kwakaiswa munyika dzakaita seUnited States, Japan, neChina, kuve nechokwadi chekubuda kwemhando yepamusoro kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevatengi.
• Zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita sezinc, manganese dioxide, uye potassium hydroxide zvakakosha pakuita kwemabhatiri ealkaline, nekufambira mberi kwesainzi inosimudzira kugona kwavo.
• Magadzirirwo emazuva ano ekugadzira anoshandisa otomatiki kuvandudza kurongeka uye kumhanya, zvichikonzera mabhatiri anogara kwenguva refu uye anoita zvirinani pane akaatangira.
• Alkaline mabhatiri haadzoreki uye anonyatsokodzera kune yakaderera kusvika pakati-yepakati-drain zvishandiso, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inoshanda yezvinhu zvezuva nezuva zvemumba.
• Sustainability iri kuita chinhu chakakosha muindasitiri yebhatiri yealkaline, nevagadziri vachitora eco-hushamwari maitiro uye zvinhu kusangana nezvinodiwa nevatengi.
• Kuchengeta kwakaringana uye kuraswa kwemabhatiri ealkaline kunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwavo hwesherufu uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekushandisa zvine musoro.

Iyo Historical Origins yeAlkaline Batteries

Kugadzirwa kweAlkaline Batteries

Nyaya yemabhatiri ealkaline yakatanga nekugadzirwa kwepasi mukupera kwema1950.Lewis Urry, injiniya wemakemikari wokuCanada, akagadzira zinc-manganese dioxide yekutanga bhatiri realkaline. Hutsva hwake hwakagadzirisa kudiwa kwakakosha kweanogara kwenguva refu uye akavimbika akawanda masosi emagetsi. Kusiyana nemabhatiri ekutanga, ayo aiwanzotadza pasi pekushandiswa kunoramba kuchishandiswa, dhizaini yaUrry yakapa mashandiro epamusoro. Kufambira mberi uku kwakakurudzira shanduko mumidziyo inotakurika yevatengi, ichigonesa kuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvakaita sematochi, maredhiyo, uye matoyi.

In 1959, alkaline mabhatiri akaita debut yavo pamusika. Kusuma kwavo kwakaratidza shanduko muindasitiri yemagetsi. Vatengi vakakurumidza kuona kudhura kwavo uye kushanda nesimba. Aya mabhatiri haana kungogara kwenguva yakareba chete asi aipawo simba rinogara richibuda. Kuvimbika uku kwakavaita vafarirwa ipapo pakati pemhuri nemabhizinesi zvakafanana.

"Bhatiri re alkaline ndeimwe yebudiriro yakakosha musimba rinotakurika," akadaro Urry munguva yehupenyu hwake. Chigadzirwa chake chakaisa hwaro hwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwebhatiri, zvichipesvedzera zvisingaverengeki zvitsva mumagetsi evatengi.

Kugadzirwa Kwekutanga uye Kugamuchirwa

Kugadzirwa kwekutanga kwemabhatiri ealkaline kwakanangana nekuzadzisa kudiwa kuri kukura kwemhinduro dzesimba rinotakurika. Vagadziri vakaisa pamberi pekuwedzera kugadzirwa kuti vaone kuwanikwa kwakawanda. Pakazosvika makore ekuma1960, mabhatiri aya akange ave midziyo yemumba. Kugona kwavo kupa simba rakasiyana siyana remidziyo kwakaita kuti ive yakakosha muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Munguva iyi, makambani akaisa mari yakawanda mukunatsa nzira yekugadzira. Vaive nechinangwa chekusimudzira kushanda uye kusimba kwemabhatiri ealkaline. Kuzvipira uku kumhando yakaita basa rakakosha mukukurumidza kutorwa kwavo. Pakazopera makore gumi, mabhatiri ealkaline akange azvisimbisa sesarudzo inosarudzwa nevatengi pasi rese.

Kubudirira kwemabhatiri ealkaline kwakakonzerawo kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi evatengi. Midziyo yaitsamira pamagetsi anotakurika yakava yepamusoro uye yave kuwanikwa. Uhu hukama hwesymbiotic pakati pemabhatiri nemagetsi hwakafambisa hunyanzvi mumaindasitiri ese ari maviri. Nhasi, mabhatiri ealkaline anoramba ari dombo repakona remhinduro dzemagetsi anotakurika, nekuda kwenhoroondo yavo yakapfuma uye kuvimbika kwakaratidza.

Ndekupi Mabhatiri eAlkaline Akagadzirwa Nhasi?

Nyika Dzakakura Kugadzira

Alkaline mabhatiri agadzirwa nhasi anobva kune akasiyana siyana epasi rese ekugadzira hubs. United States inotungamira kugadzira nemakambani akaita seEnergizer uye Duracell anoshanda zvivakwa zvepamberi. Vagadziri ava vanova nechokwadi chekubuda kwemhando yepamusoro kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemumba neyekunze. Japan inoitawo basa rakakosha, nePanasonic ichibatsira mukupihwa kwepasirese kuburikidza nemafekitori ayo emazuva ano. South Korea uyeChina yakabuda sevatambi vakakosha, vachishandisa hunyanzvi hwavo hweindasitiri kugadzira mavhoriyamu makuru zvinobudirira.

MuEurope, nyika dzakaita sePoland neCzech Republic dzave nzvimbo dzine mukurumbira dzekugadzira. Nzvimbo dzadzo dzehunyanzvi dzinobvumira kugovera kuri nyore mukondinendi yese. Nyika dziri kusimukira dzakaita seBrazil neArgentina dziri kupindawo mumusika, dzichitarisa kudiwa kwedunhu. Iyi network yepasi rose inovimbisa kuti alkaline mabhatiri anoramba achiwanikwa kune vatengi pasi rese.

"Kugadzirwa kwepasi rose kwemabhatiri ane alkaline kunoratidza kubatana kwekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano," nyanzvi dzeindasitiri dzinowanzoona. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo dzekugadzira zvinosimbisa cheni yekugovera uye inotsigira kuwanikwa kunoenderana.

Zvinhu Zvinokurudzira Kugadzira Nzvimbo

Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinotarisa kuti mabhatiri ealkaline anogadzirwa kupi. Industrial infrastructure inoita basa rakakosha. Nyika dzine hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu, dzakaita seUnited States, Japan, neSouth Korea, ndidzo dzinotonga pamusika. Nyika idzi dzinodyara zvakanyanya mutekinoroji uye otomatiki, kuve nechokwadi maitiro ekugadzira anobudirira.

Mari yevashandi inokanganisawo nzvimbo dzekugadzira.China, semuenzaniso, inobatsirakubva mumubatanidzwa wevashandi vane hunyanzvi uye mashandiro anodhura. Iyi mukana inobvumira vagadziri veChinese kukwikwidza pamhando uye mutengo. Kuswededzwa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa ndechimwe chinhu chakakosha. Zinc uye manganese dioxide, zvakakosha zvikamu zve alkaline mabhatiri, anowanikwa mune mamwe matunhu, achideredza mari yekufambisa.

Mitemo yehurumende nezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvinowedzera kuumba sarudzo dzekugadzira. Nyika dzinopa mitero yekukurudzira kana rubatsiro inokwezva vagadziri vari kutsvaga kukwirisa mitengo. Pamusoro pezvo, mitemo yezvakatipoteredza inobata panovambwa mafekitori. Nyika dzine mitemo yakaomesesa dzinowanzoda matekinoroji epamusoro kuderedza marara uye kuburitsa.

Uku kusanganiswa kwezvinhu kunovimbisa kuti mabhatiri ealkaline anogadzirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi anosangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvevatengi. Kugoverwa kwepasirese kwezvivakwa zvekugadzira kunoratidza kuchinjika kweindasitiri uye kuzvipira kune hunyanzvi.

Zvishandiso uye Maitiro muAlkaline Battery Kugadzira

Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvinoshandiswa

Alkaline mabhatiri anotsamira pane yakanyatsosarudzwa musanganiswa wezvigadzirwa kuti vaunze kuita kwavo kwakavimbika. Zvikamu zvekutanga zvinosanganisirazinc, manganese dioxide,uyepotassium hydroxide. Zinc inoshanda seanode, nepo manganese dioxide inoshanda se cathode. Potassium hydroxide inoshanda se electrolyte, inofambisa kufamba kwemaion pakati peanode uye cathode panguva yekushanda. Zvinhu izvi zvinosarudzwa nekuda kwekugona kwavo kuchengetedza simba rakawanda uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana pasi pemamiriro akasiyana.

Vagadziri vanowanzo wedzera cathode musanganiswa nekubatanidza kabhoni. Kuwedzera uku kunonatsiridza conductivity uye kunosimudzira kushanda zvakanaka kwebhatiri. Iko kushandiswa kwepamusoro-kuchena zvinhu kunovimbisa kushoma kudonha kwengozi uye kunowedzera hupenyu hwesherufu yebhatiri. Mabhatiri epamusoro ealkaline akagadzirwa nhasi anewo akakwenenzverwa mabhatiri, achivabvumira kuchengetedza simba rakawanda uye kugara kwenguva refu kupfuura shanduro dzekare.

Kutsvaga kwezvinhu izvi kunoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira. Zinc uye manganese dioxide inowanikwa zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti dzive sarudzo dzinodhura pakugadzira kukuru. Nekudaro, kunaka kwezvinhu izvi mbishi kunokanganisa zvakananga kuita kwebhatiri. Vagadziri vanotungamira vanoisa pamberi pekutsvaga kubva kune vanovimbika vatengesi kuti vachengetedze hunoenderana mhando.

The Manufacturing Process

Kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri e-alkaline kunosanganisira nhevedzano yematanho chaiwo akagadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi chekushanda uye kuvimbika. Iyo nzira inotanga nekugadzirwa kweanode uye cathode zvinhu. Zinc hupfu inogadziriswa kugadzira anode, nepo manganese dioxide yakasanganiswa nekabhoni kuumba cathode. Zvishandiso izvi zvinobva zvaumbwa kuita magadzirirwo chaiwo kuti akwane magadzirirwo ebhatiri.

Zvadaro, mhinduro ye electrolyte, inoumbwa ne potassium hydroxide, inogadzirwa. Iyi mhinduro inonyatso kuyerwa uye yakawedzerwa kubhatiri kuti igone kuyerera kweion. Nhanho yegungano inotevera, apo anode, cathode, uye electrolyte zvinosanganiswa mukati mebhokisi rakavharwa. Iyi casing inowanzogadzirwa nesimbi, ichipa kusimba uye kudzivirira kubva kune zvekunze zvinhu.

Automation inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira mabhatiri emazuva ano. Mitsetse yekugadzira yakazara otomatiki, senge iyo inoshandiswa naJohnson New Eletek Battery Co., Ltd., inova nechokwadi chechokwadi uye kuenderana. Iyi mitsetse inobata mabasa akadai sekusanganisa zvinhu, kuungana, uye kutonga kwemhando. Michina yepamberi inoderedza kukanganisa kwevanhu uye inowedzera kumhanya kwekugadzira.

Kudzora kwemhando ndiyo yekupedzisira uye yakakosha nhanho. Bhatiri rimwe nerimwe rinoedzwa zvakasimba kuti rione kushanda kwaro uye kuchengetedzeka. Vagadziri vanoyedza zvinhu zvakaita sekubuda kwesimba, kudonha kwemvura, uye kusimba. Mabhatiri chete anosangana nemiyero yakasimba anoenderera mberi nekurongedza nekugovera.

Kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira kwakonzera kufambira mberi kwakakosha muhunyanzvi hwebhatiri realkaline. Vatsvagiri vakagadzira nzira dzekuwedzera simba remagetsi uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwekutenderera, kuve nechokwadi chekuti alkaline mabhatiri anoramba ari sarudzo yakavimbika kune vatengi pasi rese.

Iko Evolution yeAlkaline Battery Production

Tekinoroji Kufambira mberi

Kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri ealkaline kwakachinja zvinoshamisa mumakore apfuura. Ndakaona kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji kwakaramba kuchisundidzira miganhu yezvinogonekwa nemabhatiri aya. Madhizaini ekutanga aitarisa pane zvekutanga kushanda, asi zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvakashandura mashandiro avo uye kugona.

Chimwe chekubudirira kwakanyanya kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasimbiswa zvecathode. Vagadziri ikozvino vanosanganisa huwandu hwakanyanya hwekabhoni mumusanganiswa wecathode. Kugadziriswa uku kunowedzera conductivity, zvichiita kuti mabhatiri ane hupenyu hurefu uye nekuvandudzwa kwesimba. Kufambira mberi uku hakuzadzise zvinodiwa nevatengi chete asiwo kunofambisa kukura kwemusika.

Imwe budiriro yakakosha iri mukugadzirisa kwesimba remagetsi. Mabhatiri emazuva ano ealkaline anochengeta simba rakawanda mumadiki madiki, achiaita akanakira compact zvishandiso. Vatsvakurudzi vakavandudzawo hupenyu hwesherufu hwemabhatiri aya. Nhasi, vanogona kugara kusvika kumakore gumi pasina kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwekuita, kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwekuchengetedza kwenguva refu.

Automation yakaita basa rakakosha mukunatsa maitiro ekugadzira. Mitsetse yekugadzira yakazara otomatiki, senge idzo dziri kuJohnson New Eletek Battery Co., Ltd., inova nechokwadi uye kuenderana. Aya masisitimu anoderedza zvikanganiso uye anosimudzira kukurumidza kwekugadzira, achibvumira vanogadzira kusangana nepasirese zvinodiwa nemazvo.

"Kubuda kwechizvarwa chitsva alkaline bhatiri tekinoroji kunopa mukana wakakura uye mikana yeindasitiri yemabhatiri," maererano nezvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura. Kufambira mberi uku hakungogadzirise mashandisiro atinoita mabhatiri chete asiwo kunotsigira kufambira mberi musimba rinodzokororwa nekuisa magetsi.

Global Trends muIndasitiri

Iyo alkaline bhatiri indasitiri inoramba ichishanduka mukupindura mafambiro epasi rose. Ndakaona kuwedzera kwekusimbisa kwekusimba uye mutoro wezvakatipoteredza. Vagadziri vari kutora eco-hushamwari maitiro, sekudzikisa marara panguva yekugadzira uye kutsvaga zvinhu zvine hungwaru. Kuedza uku kunoenderana nekuwedzera kwevatengi vanofarira kune zvigadzirwa zvinogara zviripo.

Kudiwa kwemabhatiri epamusoro-soro kwakakonzerawo mafambiro eindasitiri. Vatengi vanotarisira mabhatiri anogara kwenguva refu uye anogara achiita zvinoenderana nemamiriro akasiyana. Tarisiro iyi yakasunda vagadziri kuti vaise mari mukutsvaga nekusimudzira. Kuvandudzwa kwesainzi yezvinhu uye matekiniki ekugadzira anovimbisa kuti alkaline mabhatiri anoramba achikwikwidza mumusika.

Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose kwakawedzera kuumba indasitiri. Kugadzira hubs munyika dzakaita seUnited States, Japan, neChina kunotonga kugadzirwa. Matunhu aya anoshandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro uye vashandi vane hunyanzvi kugadzira mabhatiri emhando yepamusoro. Panguva imwecheteyo, misika ichiri kusimukira muSouth America neSoutheast Asia iri kuwana hunhu, ichitarisa kudiwa kwedunhu uye kugona.

Kubatanidzwa kwemabhatiri e-alkaline mumagetsi ekugadzirisa magetsi kunoratidza imwe nzira inokosha. Kuvimbika kwavo uye kuwanda kwesimba kunoita kuti vakwanise kuchengetedza simba uye off-grid application. Sezvo kutorwa kwesimba rinodzokororwa kuchikura, mabhatiri ealkaline anoita basa rakakosha mukutsigira masisitimu aya.

Alkaline mabhatiri akaumba nzira yatinogonesa nayo midziyo, ichipa kuvimbika uye kuita zvakasiyana-siyana kubvira payakagadzirwa. Kugadzirwa kwavo kwepasirese kunotora nzvimbo huru muUnited States, Asia, neEurope, kuve nechokwadi chekuwanikwa kwevatengi kwese kwese. Iko kushanduka kwezvinhu zvakaita se zinc uye manganese dioxide, zvakasanganiswa nemaitiro ekugadzira epamberi, zvakawedzera kuita kwavo uye hupenyu hurefu. Aya mabhatiri anoramba achikosha nekuda kwekuwanda kwesimba rawo, hupenyu hurefu hwesherufu, uye kugona kushanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, ndinotenda mabhatiri ealkaline acharamba achizadzisa kudiwa kuri kukura kwemhinduro dzakasimba uye dzakasimba.

FAQ

Ndinogona kuchengeta mabhatiri ealkaline kwenguva yakareba sei?

Alkaline mabhatiri, inozivikanwa nehupenyu hwayo hurefu hwesherufu, inogona kazhinji kuchengetwa kusvika kumakore mashanu kusvika gumi pasina kurasikirwa kukuru kwekuita. Chimiro chavo chisingadzoreki chinovimbisa kuchengetedza simba zvinobudirira nekufamba kwenguva. Kuti uwedzere hupenyu hwekuchengetedza, ndinokurudzira kuvachengeta munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma kure nechiedza chezuva kana kutonhora kwakanyanya.

Mabhatiri ealkaline anogona kuchajwazve here?

Kwete, mabhatiri ealkaline haabatikezve. Kuedza kuvadzorerazve kunogona kukonzera kuvuza kana kukuvadzwa. Zvesarudzo zvinogona kushandiswazve, ini ndinokurudzira kuongorora mabhatiri emhando dzemabhatiri senickel-metal hydride (NiMH) kana lithium-ion mabhatiri, akagadzirirwa akawanda ekuchaja mavhiri.

Ndezvipi zvishandiso zvinoshanda zvakanyanya nemabhatiri ealkaline?

Mabhatiri ealkaline anoita zvakanaka chaizvo mumidziyo yakaderera kusvika pakati-kati-drain. Izvi zvinosanganisira maremote control, tochi, wachi dzepamadziro, uye matoyi. Nezvezvishandiso zvemhando yepamusoro semakamera edhijitari kana ma controller emitambo, ndinokurudzira kushandisa lithium kana mabhatiri anochajiswa kuti aite zvakakwana.

Sei mabhatiri ealkaline dzimwe nguva achidonha?

Kubuda kwebhatiri kunoitika kana makemikari emukati aita nekuda kwekushandisa kwenguva refu, kuburitsa zvakanyanya, kana kuchengetwa zvisina kunaka. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera potassium hydroxide, iyo electrolyte, kubuda kunze. Kudzivirira kuvuza, ini ndinorayira kubvisa mabhatiri kubva kumidziyo isingashandiswe kwenguva yakareba uye kudzivirira kusanganisa mabhatiri ekare uye matsva.

Ndingarasa sei mabhatiri ealkaline zvakachengeteka?

Munzvimbo dzakawanda, mabhatiri ealkaline anogona kuraswa nemarara epamba nguva dzose sezvo asisina mercury. Nekudaro, ndinokurudzira kutarisa mirau yemuno, sezvo dzimwe nzvimbo dzichipa zvirongwa zvekudzokorodza mabhatiri. Kudzokorodza kunobatsira kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kunotsigira maitiro anogara aripo.

Chii chinoita kuti alkaline mabhatiri akasiyana nemamwe marudzi?

Alkaline mabhatiri anoshandisa zinc uye manganese dioxide semidziyo yavo yekutanga, ine potassium hydroxide se electrolyte. Ichi chinyorwa chinopa huwandu hwesimba hwepamusoro uye hupenyu hurefu hwesherufu zvichienzaniswa nemhando dzebhatiri dzekare se zinc-carbon. Kugona kwavo uye kuvimbika kunoita kuti vave sarudzo yakakurumbira yekushandisa kwemazuva ese.

Mabhatiri ealkaline anogona kushandiswa mukupisa kwakanyanya?

Mabhatiri ealkaline anoshanda zvakanyanya mukati metembiricha ye0°F kusvika 130°F (-18°C kusvika 55°C). Kunyanya kutonhora kunogona kuderedza kushanda kwavo, nepo kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kubuda. Kune zvishandiso zvakafumurwa kune yakaoma mamiriro, ini ndinokurudzira lithium mabhatiri, ayo anobata tembiricha yakanyanyisa zvinobudirira.

Ndinoziva sei kana bhatiri realkaline richida kutsiviwa?

Mudziyo unofambiswa nemabhatiri ealkaline kazhinji unozoratidza zviratidzo zvekuderera kwekushanda, semwenje unodzima kana kushanda zvishoma nezvishoma, kana mabhatiri ave pedyo nekupera. Kushandisa bhatiri tester kunogona kupa nekukurumidza uye kwakaringana nzira yekutarisa yavo yasara kuchaja.

Pane eco-hushamwari dzimwe nzira kune alkaline mabhatiri?

Ehe, mabhatiri anochajwa seNiMH uye lithium-ion ndiwo anonyanya kushamwaridzana sarudzo. Vanoderedza tsvina nekubvumira kushandiswa kwakawanda. Pamusoro pezvo, vamwe vagadziri vava kugadzira mabhatiri ealkaline ane kuderedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, senge akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakadzokororwa kana kudzika kabhoni tsoka.

Chii chandinofanira kuita kana bhatiri re alkaline rikabvinza?

Kana bhatiri rinoputika, ndinokurudzira kupfeka magirovhosi kuti ndichenese nzvimbo yakakanganiswa nemusanganiswa wemvura nevhiniga kana muto wemononi. Izvi zvinoderedza iyo alkaline chinhu. Rasa bhatiri rakakuvara zvakanaka uye ona kuti mudziyo wanyatsocheneswa usati waisa mabhatiri matsva.